Exam 2 - In Progress

Data Security Q1 of 98

Which type of insider threat is the MOST difficult to detect and prevent using traditional security controls?

A. A terminated employee whose access was not revoked B. A malicious insider with legitimate access who intentionally exfiltrates data within normal usage patterns C. An employee who accidentally emails sensitive data to the wrong recipient D. A contractor who uses a shared password E. An employee who installs unauthorized software

Master and Reference Data Management Q2 of 98

Party data in MDM typically encompasses which of the following?

A. Only customer records B. Only supplier and vendor records C. Transaction records between business partners D. Internal IT system configuration records E. Individuals and organizations that play roles in business relationships, including customers, suppliers, employees, and partners

Data Governance Q3 of 98

What type of document provides recommended practices that are not mandatory but represent best approaches for data management activities?

A. Data policy B. Data standard C. Data procedure D. Data guideline E. Data regulation

Data Quality Q4 of 98

How does operational data quality differ from analytical data quality?

A. Operational DQ applies to transactional systems where data must be correct at the point of use, while analytical DQ applies to data warehouses and reporting where historical accuracy and consistency are paramount B. There is no meaningful difference between the two C. Operational DQ only applies to financial data while analytical DQ only applies to marketing data D. Operational DQ is measured quarterly while analytical DQ is measured in real-time E. Operational DQ focuses on data volume while analytical DQ focuses on data velocity

Data Architecture Q5 of 98

Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental principles of data mesh?

A. Domain-oriented decentralized data ownership B. Data as a product C. Centralized data lake as single source of truth D. Self-serve data infrastructure as a platform E. Federated computational governance

Data Integration and Interoperability Q6 of 98

What distinguishes synchronous data replication from asynchronous replication?

A. Synchronous replication is slower because it uses older technology B. Synchronous replication confirms the write to the source only after the replica has also committed the change, while asynchronous does not wait C. Asynchronous replication is always more reliable D. Synchronous replication only works with NoSQL databases E. There is no practical difference between the two

Data Modelling and Design Q7 of 98

In a Kimball-style dimensional model, a conformed dimension is best described as what?

A. A dimension that exists in only one fact table B. A dimension shared across multiple fact tables with consistent structure, values, and meaning C. A dimension that has been fully denormalized into the fact table D. A dimension containing only surrogate keys and no descriptive attributes E. A dimension that stores measure values alongside descriptive attributes

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q8 of 98

A transaction fact table records one row per individual business event, a periodic snapshot fact table records one row per time period, and an accumulating snapshot fact table:

A. Records one row per time period, identical to periodic snapshots B. Records one row per business process instance and updates that row as the instance moves through defined milestones in its lifecycle C. Only records the final state of a process with no intermediate information D. Never contains date foreign keys E. Stores only aggregate measures with no individual grain

Document and Content Management Q9 of 98

What distinguishes a headless CMS from a traditional CMS?

A. A headless CMS has no user interface at all B. A headless CMS decouples the content repository and management backend from the presentation layer, delivering content via APIs C. A headless CMS cannot store images or videos D. A headless CMS only works with printed documents E. A headless CMS does not require a database

Data Governance Q10 of 98

An organization wants to measure the return on investment (ROI) of its data governance program. Which combination of metrics best supports this measurement?

A. Number of governance meetings held and number of policies written B. Reduction in data-related regulatory fines, decreased time-to-insight for business analytics, and reduced data integration costs C. Number of data stewards hired and tools purchased D. Total volume of data stored and number of databases managed E. IT department headcount and annual technology budget

Data Integration and Interoperability Q11 of 98

Which type of API uses HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and typically returns JSON or XML?

A. SOAP API B. GraphQL API C. REST API D. gRPC API E. FTP protocol

Data Modelling and Design Q12 of 98

In Data Vault modeling, what is a Hub table specifically designed to store?

A. The descriptive attributes that change over time for a business entity B. The relationships and transactions between business entities C. A unique list of business keys representing core business concepts, along with metadata D. Aggregated metrics used for analytical reporting E. Source-to-target mapping rules for ETL processes

Data Management Process Q13 of 98

What is the FIRST step an organization should take before launching a data management improvement program?

A. Purchase data management tools B. Hire a Chief Data Officer C. Conduct a data management maturity assessment D. Build a data warehouse E. Create a data governance council

Master and Reference Data Management Q14 of 98

In the context of MDM, what is a 'data domain owner'?

A. The database administrator who manages physical storage B. The vendor who sold the MDM software C. A senior business stakeholder who is accountable for the quality and governance of a specific master data domain such as Customer or Product D. The IT architect who designed the data model E. The network administrator who controls data transfer speeds

Metadata Management Q15 of 98

What is the primary distinction between a data catalog and a data dictionary?

A. A data catalog is only for unstructured data while a data dictionary is for structured data B. A data catalog provides a searchable inventory of data assets across an organization, while a data dictionary details the structure and definitions of specific data elements C. A data dictionary supports self-service discovery while a data catalog does not D. There is no distinction; the terms are always interchangeable E. A data catalog is a physical database, while a data dictionary is a logical document

Data Governance Q16 of 98

What is the relationship between data governance and data privacy?

A. They are completely unrelated disciplines B. Data governance provides the framework, policies, and controls within which data privacy requirements are implemented and enforced C. Data privacy replaces the need for data governance D. Data governance applies only to non-personal data E. Data privacy is managed exclusively by legal teams without governance involvement

Data Quality Q17 of 98

What is the PDCA cycle in the context of data quality management?

A. Profile, Design, Cleanse, Archive B. Plan, Do, Check, Act - a continuous improvement cycle C. Prepare, Develop, Configure, Activate D. Parse, Deduplicate, Consolidate, Analyze E. Prioritize, Define, Create, Approve

Data Modelling and Design Q18 of 98

In the Kimball dimensional modeling approach, what does a fact table primarily contain?

A. Descriptive attributes about business entities B. Hierarchical organizational structures C. Quantitative measurements of business processes D. Reference data and lookup values E. Metadata about the data warehouse schema

Data Quality Q19 of 98

What is the primary difference between data correction and data remediation?

A. Data correction is automated while data remediation is always manual B. Data correction fixes individual data values while data remediation addresses systemic quality issues by fixing the root causes in processes, systems, or controls C. Data correction applies to structured data while data remediation applies to unstructured data D. There is no difference; the terms are synonymous E. Data correction is permanent while data remediation is temporary

Data Integration and Interoperability Q20 of 98

When implementing CDC using log-based capture, what is the primary advantage over trigger-based CDC?

A. Log-based CDC is simpler to configure B. Log-based CDC has minimal impact on source system performance because it reads from transaction logs without modifying the source database C. Log-based CDC captures more data types D. Log-based CDC does not require network connectivity E. Log-based CDC works only with NoSQL databases

Document and Content Management Q21 of 98

What framework was established by AIIM (Association for Intelligent Information Management) that evolved the concept of ECM toward intelligent information management?

A. ITIL framework for IT service management B. The Intelligent Information Management (IIM) framework focusing on automating, digitizing, and transforming information processes C. The TOGAF framework for enterprise architecture D. The COBIT framework for IT governance E. The Six Sigma framework for process improvement

Data Management Process Q22 of 98

How many knowledge areas are defined in the DAMA-DMBOK2 framework?

A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13 E. 15

Data Modelling and Design Q23 of 98

A retail company needs to track customer address changes over time for historical reporting. Which Slowly Changing Dimension (SCD) type is MOST appropriate?

A. Type 1 - Overwrite the old value with the new value B. Type 2 - Add a new row with effective dates to maintain full history C. Type 3 - Add a column for the previous value D. Type 0 - Never change the dimension E. Type 4 - Use a separate history table

Data Quality Q24 of 98

Which data quality dimension measures whether data values correctly represent the real-world entities they describe?

A. Completeness B. Accuracy C. Consistency D. Validity E. Timeliness

Data Security Q25 of 98

In the cloud shared responsibility model, who is typically responsible for securing data stored in a cloud database?

A. Only the cloud service provider B. Only the customer organization C. The cloud provider secures the infrastructure, while the customer is responsible for securing their data, access controls, and configurations D. Neither party - cloud data is inherently secure E. A third-party security vendor

Data Ethics Q26 of 98

A company's AI hiring tool consistently ranks candidates from certain demographic groups lower. This is MOST likely an example of:

A. Data integration failure B. Algorithmic bias resulting from biased training data reflecting historical hiring discrimination C. Database performance issues D. Metadata management failure E. Normal statistical variation

Data Storage and Operations Q27 of 98

What does RPO (Recovery Point Objective) represent?

A. The maximum acceptable downtime after a failure B. The maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time C. The speed at which data can be restored D. The cost of recovery operations E. The number of recovery points maintained

Data Integration and Interoperability Q28 of 98

An organization needs to deliver data from a transactional system to a data warehouse with no more than a 5-minute delay. Which integration approach is MOST appropriate?

A. Nightly batch ETL jobs B. Weekly full data extracts C. Near-real-time integration using Change Data Capture (CDC) D. Manual file uploads by business users E. Annual data migration

Metadata Management Q29 of 98

How does metadata support regulatory compliance such as GDPR?

A. By automatically deleting all personal data at regular intervals B. By tracking data lineage, classification, retention policies, and access controls to demonstrate where personal data resides and how it flows C. By encrypting all metadata to prevent auditor access D. By replacing data governance with automated compliance tools E. By storing regulatory documents in the data warehouse

Data Architecture Q30 of 98

What is data fabric as an architectural concept?

A. A physical network of fiber optic cables connecting data centers B. An architecture that uses continuous analytics over existing metadata to provide intelligent data integration and management across heterogeneous environments C. A type of NoSQL database designed for unstructured data D. A methodology for creating data flow diagrams E. A standard for encrypting data in transit between systems

Master and Reference Data Management Q31 of 98

Survivorship rules in MDM determine:

A. How long data is retained before deletion B. Which source system's values 'win' when creating a golden record from multiple matched records C. Which users can access master data D. How records are backed up E. The order of data migration

Data Governance Q32 of 98

Which document formalizes the terms, conditions, and responsibilities when sharing data between two or more organizational entities?

A. Data model diagram B. System architecture document C. Data sharing agreement D. Software license agreement E. Change management log

Data Storage and Operations Q33 of 98

Why is it important to maintain separate database environments (DEV, TEST, STAGING, PROD)?

A. To increase storage costs B. To prevent development and testing activities from affecting production data and operations C. To slow down the development process D. To create more work for DBAs E. To duplicate data across the organization

Data Modelling and Design Q34 of 98

In UML class diagrams used for data modeling, a filled diamond at one end of an association represents what concept?

A. Inheritance (generalization) B. Aggregation (shared ownership) C. Composition (strong ownership where the part cannot exist without the whole) D. Dependency (one class uses another) E. Realization (interface implementation)

Data Modelling and Design Q35 of 98

A relation is in Second Normal Form (2NF) when it is in 1NF and which additional condition is met?

A. All attributes are dependent on the entire primary key, not on a subset of it B. No transitive dependencies exist among non-key attributes C. Every determinant is a candidate key D. Multi-valued dependencies have been eliminated E. Join dependencies are resolved into candidate keys

Document and Content Management Q36 of 98

What is digital asset management (DAM)?

A. Managing cryptocurrency portfolios B. A system for organizing, storing, retrieving, and distributing rich media assets such as images, videos, audio, and branded content C. Managing digital certificates for website security D. A method for auditing IT hardware assets E. Managing domain name registrations

Metadata Management Q37 of 98

A business glossary is PRIMARILY a tool for managing which type of metadata?

A. Technical metadata B. Operational metadata C. Business metadata D. Structural metadata E. System metadata

Master and Reference Data Management Q38 of 98

An organization's MDM system performs matching and identifies two customer records as a potential match with a confidence score of 72%. The auto-merge threshold is set at 85% and the auto-reject threshold is set at 40%. What should happen to this pair?

A. The records should be automatically merged into one golden record B. The records should be automatically rejected as non-matches C. The records should be placed in a review queue for manual steward resolution D. The records should be deleted from the system E. The matching algorithm should be re-run until a higher score is achieved

Metadata Management Q39 of 98

What is the key difference between a business glossary and a data dictionary?

A. A business glossary is only for IT staff while a data dictionary is for business users B. A business glossary defines business terms and concepts in natural language, while a data dictionary documents technical data element specifications such as data types and constraints C. A data dictionary contains no definitions, only data type information D. A business glossary can only be maintained in printed format E. A data dictionary replaces the need for a business glossary entirely

Data Quality Q40 of 98

What does the data quality dimension of integrity measure?

A. Whether data values are encrypted B. Whether relationships between data elements are maintained correctly, including referential integrity between related datasets C. Whether data is stored on reliable hardware D. Whether data access is restricted to authorized users E. Whether data is backed up regularly

Data Governance Q41 of 98

When implementing data governance incrementally, which approach is considered BEST practice?

A. Implement governance across all domains simultaneously for consistency B. Start with a pilot domain, demonstrate value, then expand to other domains C. Wait until all policies are fully documented before starting any implementation D. Focus only on regulatory compliance and ignore business value E. Implement governance only in the IT department first

Master and Reference Data Management Q42 of 98

An organization wants to implement MDM but cannot modify existing source systems. Which MDM architecture style is MOST appropriate?

A. Centralized (Transaction Hub) - all CRUD through the hub B. Registry - maintain an index/pointers to records in source systems C. Coexistence - bidirectional synchronization between hub and sources D. Consolidation - copy all data to a central hub E. Replace all source systems with a single system

Data Integration and Interoperability Q43 of 98

Which data exchange format is MOST commonly used in modern REST APIs?

A. XML B. CSV C. JSON D. EDI E. EBCDIC

Metadata Management Q44 of 98

ISO 11179 is an international standard focused on which aspect of metadata?

A. Data warehouse performance benchmarking B. Registration and management of metadata data elements in a registry C. Network security protocols for metadata exchange D. Physical storage optimization for metadata repositories E. Machine learning model metadata tracking

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q45 of 98

OLAP operations include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Drill-down (viewing more detail) B. Roll-up (aggregating to a higher level) C. Slice and dice (filtering dimensions) D. Normalization (removing data redundancy) E. Pivot (rotating the data view)

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q46 of 98

SCD Type 1 handles dimension changes by:

A. Adding a new row and preserving history B. Creating a new dimension table for each change C. Storing both old and new values in the same row in separate columns D. Rejecting the change and keeping only the original value E. Overwriting the old value with the new value, losing all history of the previous value

Master and Reference Data Management Q47 of 98

Hierarchy management in MDM is important because:

A. It defines database table structures B. It manages parent-child relationships between entities, enabling roll-up reporting and organizational structuring C. It determines the order of ETL job execution D. It controls user access permissions E. It manages backup schedules

Master and Reference Data Management Q48 of 98

An organization manages reference data values (such as status codes and category codes) in multiple spreadsheets across departments. What is the PRIMARY risk of this approach?

A. Spreadsheets consume too much disk space B. Spreadsheets cannot store text values C. This approach makes data too accessible to business users D. Inconsistent values across systems leading to data integration failures and incorrect reporting E. Spreadsheets are incompatible with cloud environments

Data Architecture Q49 of 98

What is a data flow diagram (DFD) primarily used to represent?

A. The physical network topology of servers B. How data moves between processes, data stores, and external entities C. The organizational hierarchy of data stewards D. Database table relationships and foreign keys E. Project timelines and milestones

Master and Reference Data Management Q50 of 98

During MDM implementation, the team discovers that the same product is identified by different identifiers in five source systems (SKU, UPC, EAN, internal code, and legacy ID). The MOST effective approach to resolve this is:

A. Create a master identifier in the MDM hub and maintain a cross-reference table that maps between the master ID and each source system's identifier B. Choose one identifier and delete all others from all systems C. Force all five systems to adopt the same identifier immediately D. Store all five identifiers concatenated into a single field E. Ignore the identifier differences and match on product name only

Data Architecture Q51 of 98

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between data fabric and data mesh?

A. They are identical concepts with different names B. Data fabric is a technology-driven approach using metadata automation, while data mesh is an organizational approach emphasizing domain ownership C. Data mesh is a subset of data fabric D. Data fabric replaces data mesh in all scenarios E. Both require a centralized data warehouse as the foundation

Data Quality Q52 of 98

Which of the following is a direct cost associated with poor data quality?

A. The cost of electricity to power data centers B. Rework costs from correcting errors in customer shipments caused by incorrect address data C. The purchase price of database management software D. Employee salaries for all IT staff E. Annual office rent for the IT department

Data Quality Q53 of 98

In the DMAIC framework for data quality improvement, what is accomplished during the 'Control' phase?

A. Defining the data quality problem and project scope B. Measuring baseline data quality metrics C. Analyzing root causes of data quality problems D. Implementing improvements to data quality processes E. Establishing ongoing monitoring, controls, and documentation to sustain the improvements achieved

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q54 of 98

A role-playing dimension occurs when:

A. A single physical dimension table is referenced multiple times by the same fact table, each reference representing a different business role B. A dimension table is split across multiple databases C. A dimension is used in only one fact table D. Multiple unrelated dimension tables are merged into one E. A dimension table has no primary key

Document and Content Management Q55 of 98

What is the primary function of a Web Content Management (WCM) system?

A. Managing physical document storage in warehouses B. Creating, managing, and publishing web content through workflows, templates, and publishing tools C. Managing employee payroll records D. Monitoring network traffic and security E. Processing financial transactions

Data Architecture Q56 of 98

An organization stores raw data in its original format for future analytics use cases that are not yet defined. Which architectural pattern does this BEST describe?

A. Data warehouse B. Data mart C. Data lake D. Operational data store E. Master data hub

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q57 of 98

In the context of BI tools, what is the purpose of a semantic layer?

A. To encrypt data in transit between the database and the BI tool B. To replace the data warehouse entirely C. To provide a business-friendly abstraction over the physical data model, mapping technical table and column names to business terms and predefined metrics D. To manage user authentication for the BI platform E. To schedule automated report distribution

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q58 of 98

What is the key difference between ETL and ELT?

A. ETL is faster than ELT B. In ETL, transformation happens before loading; in ELT, data is loaded raw and transformed in the target system C. ELT does not perform any transformations D. ETL is for structured data; ELT is for unstructured data E. They are identical processes

Data Modelling and Design Q59 of 98

What is the primary purpose of a model governance and review process?

A. To automatically generate test data for all models B. To ensure models conform to standards, are accurate, complete, and aligned with business needs before implementation C. To replace the need for database administration D. To convert all logical models directly into NoSQL schemas E. To restrict access to data models to only the modeling team

Data Quality Q60 of 98

In the DMAIC methodology applied to data quality improvement, what occurs during the 'Analyze' phase?

A. Implementing data cleansing procedures B. Defining project scope and data quality objectives C. Identifying root causes of data quality problems through statistical and process analysis D. Establishing ongoing monitoring controls E. Measuring baseline data quality metrics

Data Modelling and Design Q61 of 98

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) strengthens 3NF by adding which requirement?

A. Every multi-valued dependency is also a functional dependency B. Every determinant in the relation must be a candidate key C. All join dependencies are implied by candidate keys D. No repeating groups exist within any attribute E. All partial dependencies on composite keys are removed

Data Storage and Operations Q62 of 98

What does ACID stand for in database transactions?

A. Authentication, Confidentiality, Integrity, Durability B. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability C. Availability, Consistency, Integrity, Distribution D. Atomicity, Compliance, Isolation, Delivery E. Authentication, Compliance, Integration, Durability

Data Governance Q63 of 98

Which type of Data Steward is PRIMARILY responsible for understanding the business context and meaning of data within a specific domain?

A. Technical Data Steward B. Executive Data Steward C. Business Data Steward D. Coordinating Data Steward E. Chief Data Steward

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q64 of 98

SCD Type 4 handles dimension changes by:

A. Overwriting the current value in place B. Adding a new row with effective dates in the same table C. Adding columns for previous values D. Maintaining the current values in the main dimension table and storing historical changes in a separate history table E. Combining approaches from Types 1, 2, and 3

Metadata Management Q65 of 98

Which activity is an example of metadata harvesting?

A. A data steward manually typing column descriptions into a spreadsheet B. An automated crawler scanning a database to extract table schemas, column definitions, and relationships into a catalog C. A manager approving a data governance policy document D. A user running an ad-hoc SQL query against a production database E. A developer writing unit tests for an application

Data Security Q66 of 98

Which access control model evaluates multiple attributes (user role, time of day, location, device type) to make access decisions?

A. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) B. Mandatory Access Control (MAC) C. Discretionary Access Control (DAC) D. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) E. List-Based Access Control

Metadata Management Q67 of 98

Which scenario is an example of operational metadata?

A. A business definition stating that 'Revenue' means gross sales minus returns B. A record showing that an ETL job completed at 02:15 AM, processing 1.2 million rows with zero errors C. A column specification stating that 'customer_id' is an INTEGER NOT NULL D. A policy document describing data classification rules E. A UML class diagram showing entity relationships

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q68 of 98

A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in BI is:

A. Any piece of data stored in the data warehouse B. A database index used to improve query performance C. A type of ETL transformation rule D. A quantifiable measure used to evaluate the success of an organization, department, or process against defined objectives E. A security credential for accessing BI dashboards

Data Integration and Interoperability Q69 of 98

HL7 is a data exchange standard used primarily in which industry?

A. Finance B. Retail C. Healthcare D. Manufacturing E. Education

Document and Content Management Q70 of 98

ISO 15489 is the international standard for what area of content management?

A. Data encryption B. Records management C. Web content publishing D. Digital image compression E. Database performance tuning

Data Modelling and Design Q71 of 98

What is the primary advantage of using a surrogate key instead of a natural key?

A. Surrogate keys carry inherent business meaning B. Surrogate keys are system-generated, providing stability and independence from business changes C. Surrogate keys always require less storage than natural keys D. Surrogate keys eliminate the need for indexes E. Surrogate keys are only applicable in NoSQL databases

Data Architecture Q72 of 98

An architect is evaluating whether to use a cloud data warehouse versus an on-premises solution. Which factor is LEAST relevant to this decision?

A. Total cost of ownership including scaling costs B. Data sovereignty and regulatory requirements C. The programming language used by the data engineering team D. Elasticity and ability to handle variable workloads E. Integration requirements with existing systems

Data Storage and Operations Q73 of 98

The CAP theorem states that a distributed database system can guarantee at most TWO of which three properties?

A. Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance B. Cost, Accuracy, Performance C. Capacity, Automation, Parallelism D. Compression, Authentication, Processing E. Caching, Archival, Provisioning

Metadata Management Q74 of 98

Which metadata standard is commonly used for describing digital documents and web resources?

A. ISO 11179 B. Dublin Core C. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) D. XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) E. TOGAF

Document and Content Management Q75 of 98

An organization must migrate 5 million documents from a legacy ECM system to a new platform. Which aspect of the migration plan is MOST critical to address first?

A. Selecting the color scheme for the new platform's user interface B. Mapping and transforming content metadata, taxonomy structures, and security permissions to ensure completeness and compatibility C. Training end users on the new system before migration begins D. Archiving all documents to PDF before migration E. Purchasing the maximum storage capacity available

Data Security Q76 of 98

During a data breach response, what is the CORRECT order of the incident response phases?

A. Eradication, Identification, Containment, Recovery, Lessons Learned B. Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, Lessons Learned C. Containment, Recovery, Identification, Eradication, Lessons Learned D. Recovery, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Lessons Learned E. Lessons Learned, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery

Data Governance Q77 of 98

In the DAMA-DMBOK framework (the DAMA Wheel), where is Data Governance positioned?

A. As one of the outer knowledge areas B. At the center of the wheel C. Outside the wheel as a separate function D. As the top knowledge area E. It is not represented in the DAMA Wheel

Metadata Management Q78 of 98

ISO 11179 is a standard for:

A. Data security classification B. Data element description and registration in metadata registries C. Database backup procedures D. Data warehouse design E. Network security protocols

Data Governance Q79 of 98

An organization is selecting a data governance operating model. They have autonomous business units with distinct data domains, but need enterprise-wide consistency for regulatory reporting. Which model best fits this scenario?

A. Fully centralized model with a single governance authority B. Decentralized model with no enterprise coordination C. Federated model with central standards and distributed execution D. Outsourced model managed by a third-party vendor E. Ad hoc model allowing each unit complete autonomy

Metadata Management Q80 of 98

What is the difference between a metadata repository and a data catalog?

A. They are identical tools with different names B. A repository stores metadata models and instances; a catalog is a user-friendly discovery and search tool C. A catalog stores data; a repository stores metadata D. A repository is for business users; a catalog is for IT E. A catalog is always cloud-based; a repository is on-premises

Data Storage and Operations Q81 of 98

Which database type would be MOST appropriate for storing and analyzing IoT sensor readings that arrive at high velocity and are primarily queried by time ranges?

A. Relational database (PostgreSQL) B. Document database (MongoDB) C. Graph database (Neo4j) D. Time-series database (InfluxDB) E. Key-value store (Redis)

Data Governance Q82 of 98

When implementing a data governance framework for a global organization subject to GDPR, CCPA, and local privacy regulations, which approach best addresses regulatory compliance?

A. Apply the strictest regulation universally to all data regardless of jurisdiction B. Allow each region to independently manage compliance with no central coordination C. Implement a layered governance framework with global baseline policies and jurisdiction-specific extensions D. Focus only on the regulation that covers the largest customer base E. Delay governance implementation until all regulatory requirements are fully harmonized

Data Modelling and Design Q83 of 98

A Slowly Changing Dimension Type 2 (SCD Type 2) tracks changes by doing what?

A. Overwriting the old value with the new value B. Adding a new column for each change C. Creating a new row with effective date range and flagging the old row as expired D. Storing the change in a separate history table unrelated to the dimension E. Maintaining only the original and the most current value in two fixed columns

Data Quality Q84 of 98

In the context of information quality, Wang and Strong's framework categorizes data quality dimensions into four groups. Which set correctly represents these categories?

A. Physical, logical, conceptual, and external B. Intrinsic, contextual, representational, and accessibility C. Strategic, tactical, operational, and analytical D. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary E. Structural, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic

Data Quality Q85 of 98

Which principle states that it is better to prevent data quality issues at the source rather than fix them later?

A. Root cause analysis B. Design quality in (prevention over correction) C. Statistical process control D. Continuous monitoring E. Data cleansing

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q86 of 98

Which of the following is NOT one of the four properties of a data warehouse as defined by Bill Inmon?

A. Subject-oriented B. Real-time C. Integrated D. Time-variant E. Non-volatile

Data Security Q87 of 98

What is the difference between data anonymization and pseudonymization?

A. They are the same technique with different names B. Anonymization irreversibly removes identifying information, while pseudonymization replaces identifiers with artificial ones that can potentially be re-linked C. Anonymization is for structured data only, pseudonymization is for unstructured data D. Pseudonymization provides stronger protection than anonymization E. Anonymization applies to databases, pseudonymization applies to files

Data Storage and Operations Q88 of 98

RTO (Recovery Time Objective) measures:

A. How much data can be lost B. The maximum acceptable downtime before systems must be restored C. The cost of recovery D. The speed of data replication E. The number of backup copies maintained

Data Governance Q89 of 98

Which of the following best describes the role of an executive sponsor in a data governance program?

A. Writing data quality rules and validation scripts B. Providing senior leadership support, funding, and organizational authority for the program C. Performing daily data stewardship tasks D. Managing database administration activities E. Conducting data profiling and analysis

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q90 of 98

A data warehouse is described as 'non-volatile.' This means:

A. The warehouse never stores any data permanently B. The warehouse can only store data for 24 hours C. Once data is loaded into the warehouse, it is stable and not frequently updated or deleted; new data is appended D. The warehouse automatically deletes data after each query E. The warehouse requires constant power to retain data

Data Governance Q91 of 98

An organization has appointed data stewards but they are struggling to be effective because other employees do not cooperate. What is the MOST effective remedy?

A. Replace the data stewards with more experienced staff B. Ensure stewards have formal authority and executive backing documented in the governance charter C. Remove the stewardship program entirely D. Hire external consultants to perform stewardship duties E. Automate all data management tasks to remove the need for cooperation

Data Security Q92 of 98

An organization discovers a data breach affecting personal data of EU residents. Under GDPR, within what timeframe must they notify the supervisory authority?

A. Within 24 hours of discovery B. Within 72 hours of becoming aware of the breach C. Within 7 business days D. Within 30 calendar days E. Only if more than 1000 records are affected

Data Modelling and Design Q93 of 98

Which normal form specifically addresses the elimination of transitive dependencies?

A. First Normal Form (1NF) B. Second Normal Form (2NF) C. Third Normal Form (3NF) D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) E. Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

Data Ethics Q94 of 98

Which concept describes the ethical obligation to ensure that automated decision-making systems can explain how they arrive at their conclusions?

A. Data sovereignty B. Algorithmic transparency and explainability C. Data lineage D. Referential integrity E. Service level agreement

Metadata Management Q95 of 98

What is a primary challenge of metadata quality?

A. Metadata always remains perfectly accurate without any maintenance B. Metadata can become stale, incomplete, or inconsistent if not actively maintained through governance processes C. Metadata quality is only relevant for unstructured data D. Metadata quality can only be measured by automated tools, never by human review E. Metadata quality issues only affect technical metadata, not business metadata

Master and Reference Data Management Q96 of 98

Location data in MDM typically includes which of the following?

A. Only GPS coordinates B. Only postal codes C. Physical addresses, geographic regions, facility codes, and site identifiers used to describe where business activities occur D. Only internal office room numbers E. Only country-level data

Data Quality Q97 of 98

Which of the following is an example of a data quality SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

A. The database must be available 99.9% of the time B. Customer email addresses must be valid for at least 98% of records C. ETL jobs must complete within 4 hours D. Backup must be taken every 24 hours E. Reports must be generated within 10 seconds

Master and Reference Data Management Q98 of 98

In an MDM Coexistence architecture style, what happens when the golden record is updated in the hub?

A. Source systems are never updated; they remain independent B. All source systems are immediately replaced by the hub C. The hub is discarded and rebuilt from scratch D. Only the data warehouse receives the updated record E. The golden record is shared back to source systems through bidirectional synchronization