Exam 4 - In Progress

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q1 of 98

A Slowly Changing Dimension Type 2 (SCD Type 2) preserves history by:

A. Overwriting the old value with the new value B. Storing the change in a separate audit log table only C. Adding a new row with the new values and marking the old row as expired using effective dates or a current flag D. Deleting the old row and inserting a new row with no link between them E. Appending the new value to the existing row in a delimited field

Data Architecture Q2 of 98

When designing a cloud data architecture, which pattern distributes data processing across multiple nodes to handle large-scale workloads?

A. Monolithic processing B. Single-threaded batch C. Massively parallel processing (MPP) D. Serial sequential processing E. Manual data partitioning

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q3 of 98

An Operational Data Store (ODS) is BEST described as:

A. A long-term historical data repository for trend analysis B. An integrated, subject-oriented data store that provides near-real-time, current-value operational data for tactical decision-making C. A backup copy of the production database D. A tool for creating executive dashboards E. A staging area exclusively used for ETL batch processing

Metadata Management Q4 of 98

In the context of metadata management, what does a knowledge graph provide that a traditional metadata repository does not?

A. The ability to store metadata in relational tables B. Rich semantic relationships and ontological context that enable inference, reasoning, and more nuanced discovery across metadata entities C. Simple key-value storage for metadata tags D. Mandatory use of the Dublin Core standard for all metadata entries E. A fixed hierarchical taxonomy with no flexibility

Data Quality Q5 of 98

The customer service system shows a customer's address as '123 Main St, New York' while the billing system shows '456 Oak Ave, Boston' for the same customer. Which data quality dimension is violated?

A. Accuracy B. Completeness C. Consistency D. Timeliness E. Validity

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q6 of 98

In the modern data stack, an ingestion tool like Fivetran or Airbyte primarily addresses which part of the data pipeline?

A. Data visualization and dashboard creation B. Training machine learning models C. Managing data governance policies D. Automated extraction and loading of data from source systems into the cloud warehouse E. Physical database administration

Data Modelling and Design Q7 of 98

What is the 'grain' of a fact table?

A. The total number of rows in the table B. The level of detail represented by a single row in the fact table C. The data type of the primary key D. The number of dimension tables connected to it E. The storage size of the table

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q8 of 98

The staging area in a data warehouse architecture serves which PRIMARY purpose?

A. Presenting data to end users for reporting B. Permanently storing all historical data C. Hosting the BI dashboard application D. Managing user authentication and authorization E. Providing temporary storage where data is extracted from sources before being transformed and loaded into the warehouse

Data Governance Q9 of 98

A Chief Data Officer discovers that multiple departments define 'customer' differently, causing inconsistent reporting. What governance mechanism should be prioritized to resolve this?

A. Purchasing a new reporting tool B. Establishing canonical data definitions in an enterprise business glossary C. Restricting access to customer data D. Hiring additional database administrators E. Outsourcing data management to a third party

Data Management Process Q10 of 98

In the context of the data lifecycle, which phase introduces the greatest risk if data management controls are not properly implemented?

A. Data archival and purging B. Data creation and acquisition C. Data reporting and visualization D. Data storage and maintenance E. Data distribution and delivery

Data Modelling and Design Q11 of 98

What is the primary advantage of using a surrogate key instead of a natural key?

A. Surrogate keys carry inherent business meaning B. Surrogate keys are system-generated, providing stability and independence from business changes C. Surrogate keys always require less storage than natural keys D. Surrogate keys eliminate the need for indexes E. Surrogate keys are only applicable in NoSQL databases

Metadata Management Q12 of 98

A metadata steward is PRIMARILY responsible for:

A. Writing ETL code for data integration B. Ensuring metadata quality, currency, and compliance with metadata standards C. Managing database performance D. Creating data visualizations E. Purchasing metadata management tools

Data Governance Q13 of 98

A Data Governance Council (DGC) is typically responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Approving data governance policies B. Resolving cross-domain data issues C. Writing ETL code for data integration D. Prioritizing governance initiatives E. Providing funding for data management programs

Data Storage and Operations Q14 of 98

What is data archiving, and why is it performed?

A. Permanently deleting old data to free storage B. Moving infrequently accessed data to lower-cost storage while retaining it for compliance or historical reference C. Encrypting all data for security purposes D. Creating real-time replicas of production data E. Compressing data within the primary database

Metadata Management Q15 of 98

Which scenario is an example of operational metadata?

A. A business definition stating that 'Revenue' means gross sales minus returns B. A record showing that an ETL job completed at 02:15 AM, processing 1.2 million rows with zero errors C. A column specification stating that 'customer_id' is an INTEGER NOT NULL D. A policy document describing data classification rules E. A UML class diagram showing entity relationships

Metadata Management Q16 of 98

Which of the following is an example of technical metadata for a database table?

A. The business owner responsible for the data B. The definition of a business term in plain language C. The column names, data types, and index definitions of the table D. The data quality SLA agreed upon with stakeholders E. The regulatory classification of the data under GDPR

Data Architecture Q17 of 98

Which of the following is a key architectural artifact that maps applications to the data they produce and consume?

A. Network topology diagram B. Application-Data Matrix (CRUD matrix) C. Gantt chart D. User story map E. Organizational chart

Document and Content Management Q18 of 98

What is the difference between a taxonomy and a folksonomy?

A. Taxonomy is digital; folksonomy is physical B. Taxonomy is a controlled, hierarchical classification; folksonomy is user-generated collaborative tagging C. Taxonomy is for documents; folksonomy is for databases D. They are identical approaches E. Folksonomy is more structured than taxonomy

Data Quality Q19 of 98

An organization applies data quality rules at multiple points in their data pipeline. Where should the most stringent quality checks be placed to maximize their effectiveness?

A. Only at the final reporting layer B. Only at the data warehouse loading stage C. At the point of data creation or initial capture, with additional checks at major integration and transformation points D. Only during the annual data quality audit E. Only when users manually request a quality check

Data Modelling and Design Q20 of 98

SCD Type 3 handles slowly changing dimensions by doing what?

A. Creating a new row for each change with version numbering B. Adding a new column (e.g., 'previous_value') to store the prior value alongside the current value C. Overwriting the old value and logging the change in a separate audit table D. Partitioning the dimension table by effective date ranges E. Storing all historical values in a single JSON column

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q21 of 98

An account balance is an example of which type of measure?

A. Additive - can be summed across all dimensions B. Semi-additive - can be summed across some dimensions but not time C. Non-additive - cannot be meaningfully summed D. Derived - calculated from other measures E. Virtual - does not physically exist in the table

Data Security Q22 of 98

What is tokenization?

A. A method of compressing data for storage B. Replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive substitute tokens that can be mapped back to the original C. Converting data into XML format D. Breaking data into smaller packets for transmission E. A type of database indexing

Master and Reference Data Management Q23 of 98

In the context of MDM, data stewardship responsibilities include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Defining business rules for master data attributes B. Resolving data quality issues in master records C. Approving changes to reference data values D. Designing the physical network infrastructure for data replication E. Ensuring compliance with data standards for the assigned data domain

Data Modelling and Design Q24 of 98

In a graph data model, which traversal pattern is most efficient compared to a relational database approach?

A. Full table scans across a single large table B. Aggregations across millions of rows in a fact table C. Multi-hop relationship traversals such as finding friends-of-friends or shortest paths D. Batch loading of large volumes of flat-file data E. Running window functions over time-series data

Data Ethics Q25 of 98

Informed consent in data collection requires:

A. Any form of agreement, including pre-checked boxes B. Clear communication about what data is collected, why, how it will be used, and the individual's right to withdraw C. Simply posting a privacy policy on the website D. Verbal agreement only E. Consent from the data owner only, not the data subject

Data Security Q26 of 98

An organization uses asymmetric encryption (RSA) for secure key exchange and symmetric encryption (AES-256) for bulk data encryption. What is this combined approach called?

A. Double encryption B. Hybrid encryption C. Homomorphic encryption D. Envelope encryption E. Tokenization

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q27 of 98

A role-playing dimension occurs when:

A. A single physical dimension table is referenced multiple times by the same fact table, each reference representing a different business role B. A dimension table is split across multiple databases C. A dimension is used in only one fact table D. Multiple unrelated dimension tables are merged into one E. A dimension table has no primary key

Metadata Management Q28 of 98

When implementing metadata management for compliance with data privacy regulations, which capability is MOST essential?

A. The ability to generate executive summary reports with charts B. Automated discovery and classification of sensitive data elements combined with lineage tracking to document how personal data is collected, processed, stored, and shared C. A mobile application for metadata browsing D. Integration with social media platforms for metadata sharing E. The ability to export metadata to PDF format

Data Architecture Q29 of 98

What is data fabric as an architectural concept?

A. A physical network of fiber optic cables connecting data centers B. An architecture that uses continuous analytics over existing metadata to provide intelligent data integration and management across heterogeneous environments C. A type of NoSQL database designed for unstructured data D. A methodology for creating data flow diagrams E. A standard for encrypting data in transit between systems

Document and Content Management Q30 of 98

A company is subject to regulations requiring financial records be retained for 7 years. After a reorganization, the compliance team discovers many records were destroyed after only 3 years. What governance failure occurred?

A. Inadequate data quality controls B. Failure to implement and enforce a retention schedule aligned with regulatory requirements C. Lack of data encryption D. Poor database performance tuning E. Insufficient ETL processing capacity

Data Security Q31 of 98

A hospital must comply with both HIPAA and GDPR for patients who are EU citizens receiving treatment in the United States. Which approach is MOST appropriate for handling this overlap?

A. Apply only HIPAA since the treatment is in the US B. Apply only GDPR since the patients are EU citizens C. Implement a unified compliance framework that satisfies the stricter requirements from both regulations where they overlap D. Let patients choose which regulation applies to them E. Apply neither regulation since they conflict

Document and Content Management Q32 of 98

An organization is subject to a legal hold for an ongoing lawsuit. A records manager discovers that some relevant emails were automatically deleted by the retention policy before the hold was applied. What is the MOST serious consequence?

A. The organization will need to purchase more storage B. The organization may face spoliation sanctions, including adverse inference instructions, fines, or case dismissal C. The email system will need to be upgraded D. The records manager will need additional training E. The retention policy must be permanently suspended

Metadata Management Q33 of 98

Tag-based or folksonomy metadata refers to what practice?

A. Assigning metadata exclusively through automated machine learning classifiers B. Allowing users to collaboratively assign free-form tags and labels to data assets for categorization C. Using only pre-defined controlled vocabularies with no flexibility D. Encrypting metadata tags to prevent unauthorized access E. Generating metadata automatically from database system catalogs

Master and Reference Data Management Q34 of 98

Which statement about reference data change management is TRUE?

A. Reference data values should be changed freely without any approval process B. Changes to reference data values should follow a controlled process including impact analysis, approval, and coordinated deployment across consuming systems C. Reference data never needs to change once established D. Only IT teams should be involved in reference data changes E. Reference data changes do not affect downstream systems

Metadata Management Q35 of 98

Metadata automation or harvesting refers to what practice?

A. Manually documenting metadata in spreadsheets B. Using automated tools to scan, extract, and ingest metadata from data sources, ETL tools, and applications C. Deleting outdated metadata records from the repository D. Translating metadata from one language to another E. Compressing metadata files to reduce storage costs

Data Security Q36 of 98

Under GDPR, which right allows an individual to request the deletion of their personal data?

A. Right to access B. Right to rectification C. Right to erasure (right to be forgotten) D. Right to data portability E. Right to restriction of processing

Master and Reference Data Management Q37 of 98

Affiliation hierarchies in MDM are used to represent:

A. Database table relationships and foreign keys B. The order of ETL job execution C. User permission levels in the MDM application D. Relationships such as corporate structures, household groupings, or franchise networks where entities are connected but not in a strict parent-child tree E. Version history of the MDM software

Data Integration and Interoperability Q38 of 98

In a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), what is the purpose of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)?

A. To store all enterprise data in a central database B. To provide a communication backbone that routes, transforms, and mediates messages between services C. To replace all web servers with a single application D. To manage user authentication exclusively E. To serve as the organization's primary data warehouse

Data Quality Q39 of 98

What is column profiling?

A. Creating new columns in a database table B. Analyzing individual columns to understand data types, value distributions, patterns, null rates, and uniqueness statistics C. Renaming columns for better readability D. Dropping unused columns from a table E. Encrypting column values for security

Data Ethics Q40 of 98

Which concept describes the ethical obligation to ensure that automated decision-making systems can explain how they arrive at their conclusions?

A. Data sovereignty B. Algorithmic transparency and explainability C. Data lineage D. Referential integrity E. Service level agreement

Document and Content Management Q41 of 98

What is the primary function of a Web Content Management (WCM) system?

A. Managing physical document storage in warehouses B. Creating, managing, and publishing web content through workflows, templates, and publishing tools C. Managing employee payroll records D. Monitoring network traffic and security E. Processing financial transactions

Document and Content Management Q42 of 98

What are the five phases of the Enterprise Content Management (ECM) lifecycle?

A. Plan, Build, Test, Deploy, Monitor B. Capture, Manage, Store, Preserve, Deliver C. Create, Review, Approve, Publish, Archive D. Design, Develop, Implement, Operate, Retire E. Ingest, Process, Analyze, Report, Delete

Data Integration and Interoperability Q43 of 98

What is the primary difference between ETL and ELT?

A. ETL uses SQL while ELT uses Python B. In ETL, transformation occurs before loading; in ELT, data is loaded first and transformed in the target system C. ETL is for batch processing while ELT is for real-time only D. ETL is cloud-based while ELT is on-premises E. There is no difference; they are the same process

Data Quality Q44 of 98

A hospital discovers that 15% of patient records have missing phone numbers. Which data quality dimension is affected?

A. Accuracy B. Consistency C. Completeness D. Uniqueness E. Validity

Data Integration and Interoperability Q45 of 98

What is data virtualization?

A. The process of encrypting data in virtual machines B. A technology that provides a unified view of data from multiple sources without physically moving or replicating the data C. The creation of virtual databases that store copies of production data D. A method for compressing data to reduce storage costs E. The process of converting physical servers to virtual servers

Data Modelling and Design Q46 of 98

What distinguishes a star schema from a snowflake schema?

A. A star schema has no dimension tables B. A snowflake schema denormalizes all dimension tables into the fact table C. A star schema has denormalized dimensions while a snowflake schema normalizes dimensions into sub-dimensions D. A snowflake schema does not support hierarchical dimensions E. A star schema requires more joins than a snowflake schema

Data Management Process Q47 of 98

How many knowledge areas are defined in the DAMA-DMBOK2 framework?

A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13 E. 15

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q48 of 98

SCD Type 3 handles dimension changes by:

A. Adding a new row with effective dates B. Overwriting the old value completely C. Adding a new column to the dimension table to store the previous value alongside the current value, preserving limited history D. Creating a completely new dimension table for each change E. Storing changes only in the fact table

Data Quality Q49 of 98

When designing a data quality monitoring dashboard, which approach provides the most actionable information for data stewards?

A. Displaying only a single aggregate quality score for the entire organization B. Showing quality metrics broken down by data domain, dimension, and severity with drill-down capability to individual rules and records C. Listing every individual data record that has any quality issue D. Showing only the count of total records in each database E. Displaying quality metrics updated only once per year

Data Storage and Operations Q50 of 98

What is the ACID property of 'Isolation' specifically designed to prevent?

A. Data loss during system crashes B. Concurrent transactions from interfering with each other and producing inconsistent results C. Unauthorized users from accessing the database D. Network partitions from splitting the database E. Schema changes during maintenance windows

Data Governance Q51 of 98

Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the Chief Data Officer (CDO)?

A. Writing application code B. Managing network infrastructure C. Providing enterprise-wide leadership for data strategy, governance, and data asset management D. Conducting financial auditing E. Managing the organization's sales pipeline

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q52 of 98

What is the PRIMARY difference between a star schema and a snowflake schema?

A. Star schemas use fact tables; snowflake schemas do not B. Snowflake schemas do not support SQL queries C. Star schemas can only have one dimension table D. In a snowflake schema, dimension tables are normalized into multiple related tables, whereas star schema dimensions are denormalized E. Snowflake schemas are only used in data lakes

Data Modelling and Design Q53 of 98

What characterizes First Normal Form (1NF)?

A. No transitive dependencies exist B. All non-key attributes depend on the entire primary key C. Each column contains atomic (indivisible) values and there are no repeating groups D. Every determinant is a candidate key E. All attributes are dependent on the primary key

Master and Reference Data Management Q54 of 98

Probabilistic matching in MDM uses which approach to identify duplicate records?

A. Exact field-by-field comparison only B. Statistical similarity scoring to determine likelihood that records refer to the same entity C. Manual review of every record pair D. Timestamp comparison only E. Random sampling of records

Data Storage and Operations Q55 of 98

A system favoring availability over consistency in the face of network partitions (AP system) would MOST likely use which consistency model?

A. Strict consistency B. Linearizable consistency C. Eventual consistency D. Serializability E. Immediate consistency

Data Integration and Interoperability Q56 of 98

An organization needs real-time product inventory data available to both the e-commerce website and the in-store POS system without replicating data. Which integration approach is MOST appropriate?

A. Nightly batch ETL to both systems B. Data virtualization or API-based services providing real-time access to a single source C. Manual data entry in both systems D. Monthly data exports via CSV files E. Email-based data sharing

Metadata Management Q57 of 98

Which metadata standard is commonly used for describing digital documents and web resources?

A. ISO 11179 B. Dublin Core C. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) D. XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) E. TOGAF

Data Security Q58 of 98

What does IAM stand for in data security, and what is its primary function?

A. Internet Application Management - managing web applications B. Identity and Access Management - managing user identities, authentication, and authorization C. Integrated Audit Monitoring - tracking system changes D. Information Architecture Mapping - designing data structures E. Incident Alert Management - handling security incidents

Data Quality Q59 of 98

An e-commerce company wants to measure the cost of poor data quality (COPDQ). Which of the following would be the MOST significant cost category?

A. Cost of data profiling tools B. Cost of database storage for duplicate records C. Revenue lost from incorrect customer addresses causing failed deliveries D. Cost of training data stewards E. Cost of data governance council meetings

Master and Reference Data Management Q60 of 98

Location data in MDM typically includes which of the following?

A. Only GPS coordinates B. Only postal codes C. Physical addresses, geographic regions, facility codes, and site identifiers used to describe where business activities occur D. Only internal office room numbers E. Only country-level data

Data Modelling and Design Q61 of 98

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) strengthens 3NF by adding which requirement?

A. Every multi-valued dependency is also a functional dependency B. Every determinant in the relation must be a candidate key C. All join dependencies are implied by candidate keys D. No repeating groups exist within any attribute E. All partial dependencies on composite keys are removed

Data Governance Q62 of 98

An organization wants to measure the return on investment (ROI) of its data governance program. Which combination of metrics best supports this measurement?

A. Number of governance meetings held and number of policies written B. Reduction in data-related regulatory fines, decreased time-to-insight for business analytics, and reduced data integration costs C. Number of data stewards hired and tools purchased D. Total volume of data stored and number of databases managed E. IT department headcount and annual technology budget

Data Quality Q63 of 98

What is data profiling?

A. Creating data quality rules and business rules B. Examining data to collect statistics and information about its structure, content, and quality C. Removing duplicate records from a database D. Encrypting sensitive data fields E. Designing a data model for a new system

Data Governance Q64 of 98

An organization is establishing a governance funding model. Which approach is most sustainable for an enterprise-wide data governance program?

A. Funding exclusively through one-time project budgets B. Relying entirely on voluntary contributions from business units C. Establishing governance as an ongoing operational budget line item with supplemental project-based funding for specific initiatives D. Funding only through IT department discretionary spending E. Securing funding only when regulatory audits are scheduled

Data Quality Q65 of 98

What is the difference between data Accuracy and data Validity?

A. They are the same thing B. Accuracy means data conforms to format rules; Validity means data is correct in the real world C. Accuracy means data is correct in the real world; Validity means data conforms to defined formats and rules D. Accuracy applies only to numeric data; Validity applies only to text data E. Accuracy is a business concept; Validity is a technical concept

Data Governance Q66 of 98

An organization has appointed data stewards but they are struggling to be effective because other employees do not cooperate. What is the MOST effective remedy?

A. Replace the data stewards with more experienced staff B. Ensure stewards have formal authority and executive backing documented in the governance charter C. Remove the stewardship program entirely D. Hire external consultants to perform stewardship duties E. Automate all data management tasks to remove the need for cooperation

Data Architecture Q67 of 98

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between data fabric and data mesh?

A. They are identical concepts with different names B. Data fabric is a technology-driven approach using metadata automation, while data mesh is an organizational approach emphasizing domain ownership C. Data mesh is a subset of data fabric D. Data fabric replaces data mesh in all scenarios E. Both require a centralized data warehouse as the foundation

Data Quality Q68 of 98

Which data quality dimension assesses whether the same data values are consistent when represented across multiple systems or datasets?

A. Accuracy B. Timeliness C. Consistency D. Validity E. Completeness

Data Integration and Interoperability Q69 of 98

Change Data Capture (CDC) is a technique for:

A. Capturing all data from a source system on every load B. Identifying and capturing only the data that has changed since the last extraction C. Encrypting data during transfer D. Validating data quality during integration E. Managing database schema changes

Metadata Management Q70 of 98

Crowdsourced metadata refers to what approach?

A. Hiring external contractors to create all metadata documentation B. Enabling a broad community of data users to contribute metadata such as descriptions, ratings, tags, and usage tips C. Purchasing metadata from third-party data vendors D. Outsourcing the entire metadata management function to a cloud provider E. Automatically generating metadata using database system catalogs only

Master and Reference Data Management Q71 of 98

An organization has Customer master data in 5 different systems, each with different quality levels. What should be done FIRST when starting an MDM program?

A. Purchase an MDM tool immediately B. Profile the data across all systems to understand current state, quality, and overlap C. Force all systems to use one source immediately D. Delete all duplicate records across all systems E. Redesign all source systems

Data Quality Q72 of 98

What type of data quality issue is present when the same customer appears three times in a database with slightly different name spellings?

A. Timeliness issue B. Validity issue C. Uniqueness issue (duplicate records) D. Referential integrity issue E. Completeness issue

Data Security Q73 of 98

What is the difference between data anonymization and pseudonymization?

A. They are the same technique with different names B. Anonymization irreversibly removes identifying information, while pseudonymization replaces identifiers with artificial ones that can potentially be re-linked C. Anonymization is for structured data only, pseudonymization is for unstructured data D. Pseudonymization provides stronger protection than anonymization E. Anonymization applies to databases, pseudonymization applies to files

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q74 of 98

A dependent data mart is one that:

A. Is built directly from source systems without any enterprise data warehouse B. Depends on a specific BI tool to function C. Can only store data for one day at a time D. Sources its data from an existing enterprise data warehouse, ensuring consistency with other marts E. Requires manual data entry by end users

Metadata Management Q75 of 98

What is the difference between a metadata repository and a data catalog?

A. They are identical tools with different names B. A repository stores metadata models and instances; a catalog is a user-friendly discovery and search tool C. A catalog stores data; a repository stores metadata D. A repository is for business users; a catalog is for IT E. A catalog is always cloud-based; a repository is on-premises

Data Architecture Q76 of 98

An organization wants to transition from a monolithic data warehouse to a distributed architecture. Several domain teams have conflicting data definitions. What should the architect prioritize FIRST?

A. Selecting new cloud technology platforms B. Building a self-serve data infrastructure platform C. Establishing shared data standards and a common semantic layer across domains D. Migrating all data to a data lake immediately E. Hiring additional data engineers for each domain

Master and Reference Data Management Q77 of 98

An organization uses a survivorship rule that selects the most recently updated value from any source system for the customer email address field. This rule is an example of:

A. Source-priority survivorship B. Frequency-based survivorship C. Completeness-based survivorship D. Recency-based survivorship E. Manual override survivorship

Data Quality Q78 of 98

What is the primary difference between data correction and data remediation?

A. Data correction is automated while data remediation is always manual B. Data correction fixes individual data values while data remediation addresses systemic quality issues by fixing the root causes in processes, systems, or controls C. Data correction applies to structured data while data remediation applies to unstructured data D. There is no difference; the terms are synonymous E. Data correction is permanent while data remediation is temporary

Data Modelling and Design Q79 of 98

A relation is in Second Normal Form (2NF) when it is in 1NF and which additional condition is met?

A. All attributes are dependent on the entire primary key, not on a subset of it B. No transitive dependencies exist among non-key attributes C. Every determinant is a candidate key D. Multi-valued dependencies have been eliminated E. Join dependencies are resolved into candidate keys

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Q80 of 98

SCD Type 6 (also called Hybrid SCD) combines elements of which SCD types?

A. Type 0 and Type 1 B. Type 2 and Type 4 C. Type 1 and Type 4 D. Type 3 and Type 5 E. Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3

Master and Reference Data Management Q81 of 98

Survivorship rules in MDM determine:

A. How long data is retained before deletion B. Which source system's values 'win' when creating a golden record from multiple matched records C. Which users can access master data D. How records are backed up E. The order of data migration

Data Governance Q82 of 98

An organization has a Data Governance Council, data stewards, and documented policies, but governance decisions are frequently overridden by individual department heads. Which governance gap does this indicate?

A. Lack of data profiling tools B. Insufficient metadata management C. Weak decision rights enforcement and inadequate escalation authority for the governance structure D. Too many data stewards assigned to each domain E. Over-reliance on automated data quality tools

Data Governance Q83 of 98

Which document formalizes the terms, conditions, and responsibilities when sharing data between two or more organizational entities?

A. Data model diagram B. System architecture document C. Data sharing agreement D. Software license agreement E. Change management log

Master and Reference Data Management Q84 of 98

Cross-referencing in MDM refers to:

A. Linking records in the MDM hub back to their corresponding records in each source system B. Comparing data warehouse schemas across different platforms C. Verifying user credentials across multiple authentication systems D. Mapping data governance policies to regulatory requirements E. Indexing database tables for query performance

Data Modelling and Design Q85 of 98

Fourth Normal Form (4NF) addresses which specific type of dependency?

A. Transitive dependencies B. Partial key dependencies C. Multi-valued dependencies D. Join dependencies E. Functional dependencies on non-candidate keys

Data Modelling and Design Q86 of 98

What is a factless fact table?

A. A fact table that stores only null values for all measures B. A fact table that captures events or conditions with no associated numeric measures C. A fact table with no foreign keys to dimension tables D. A temporary staging table used during ETL processing E. A fact table that stores only aggregated summary data

Data Governance Q87 of 98

Which stakeholder group should be represented on a Data Governance Council to ensure both business and technical perspectives are considered?

A. Only IT leadership B. Only business unit leaders C. Representatives from both business units and IT/data management functions D. Only external consultants E. Only the finance department

Data Storage and Operations Q88 of 98

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical partitioning?

A. Horizontal partitioning splits by rows, vertical partitioning splits by columns B. Horizontal partitioning splits by columns, vertical partitioning splits by rows C. Horizontal partitioning is for cloud, vertical is for on-premises D. They both split data the same way but use different algorithms E. Horizontal partitioning is for NoSQL, vertical is for relational databases

Data Architecture Q89 of 98

Which Zachman Framework column answers the question 'How?' and focuses on processes?

A. What (Data) B. How (Function) C. Where (Network) D. Who (People) E. When (Time)

Data Governance Q90 of 98

A large multinational organization wants to implement data governance. Business units operate autonomously but need to share data. Which operating model is MOST appropriate?

A. Centralized governance with a single authority B. Decentralized governance where each unit governs independently C. Federated governance with central standards and distributed execution D. No formal governance - let units self-manage E. Outsourced governance to a third-party vendor

Data Storage and Operations Q91 of 98

What distinguishes a hot disaster recovery site from a warm site?

A. A hot site has no equipment while a warm site has equipment B. A hot site maintains real-time synchronized data and can take over immediately, while a warm site has infrastructure but requires some data restoration time C. A warm site is more expensive than a hot site D. A hot site is only for natural disasters while a warm site is for cyberattacks E. There is no practical difference between hot and warm sites

Data Integration and Interoperability Q92 of 98

A healthcare organization must integrate patient data from hospitals using HL7 FHIR and insurance claims data using X12 EDI. They need both syntactic and semantic interoperability. What approach is MOST effective?

A. Converting all data to CSV files for exchange B. Implementing a canonical data model with standard terminology mappings and transformation rules for each source format C. Allowing each system to use its own format and hoping users reconcile differences D. Replacing all systems with a single vendor solution E. Using only batch file transfers between systems

Master and Reference Data Management Q93 of 98

MDM governance typically requires which organizational structure?

A. A governance council with executive sponsorship, domain data stewards, and defined escalation paths for resolving data issues B. A single database administrator managing all master data C. Only the IT department without business involvement D. An external consulting firm managing all master data decisions E. No governance structure, as MDM tools handle all governance automatically

Metadata Management Q94 of 98

Which of the following best describes the role of metadata in data mesh architecture?

A. Metadata is centralized in a single monolithic repository owned by the IT department B. Metadata is embedded as part of each domain's data product, with a federated computational governance layer ensuring interoperability across domains C. Metadata is eliminated to reduce overhead and increase domain autonomy D. Metadata is managed exclusively by a dedicated metadata team with no domain involvement E. Metadata is only relevant for the infrastructure platform team, not for domain teams

Data Modelling and Design Q95 of 98

In Data Vault 2.0, what is the role of a Satellite table?

A. To store the unique business keys that identify each core business concept B. To capture the many-to-many relationships between Hub entities C. To hold descriptive attributes and their change history with load-date-based versioning D. To aggregate facts from multiple source systems for reporting E. To define the mapping between source system schemas and the vault schema

Document and Content Management Q96 of 98

What is OCR (Optical Character Recognition)?

A. A database backup method B. A network security protocol C. Technology that converts images of text (scanned documents, photographs) into machine-readable, searchable text D. A project management methodology E. A content delivery network technology

Data Storage and Operations Q97 of 98

Why is it important to maintain separate database environments (DEV, TEST, STAGING, PROD)?

A. To increase storage costs B. To prevent development and testing activities from affecting production data and operations C. To slow down the development process D. To create more work for DBAs E. To duplicate data across the organization

Data Governance Q98 of 98

Which of the following is the CORRECT hierarchy for governance directives?

A. Guidelines -> Procedures -> Standards -> Policies B. Standards -> Policies -> Procedures -> Guidelines C. Policies -> Standards -> Procedures -> Guidelines D. Procedures -> Standards -> Guidelines -> Policies E. Policies -> Guidelines -> Standards -> Procedures